• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method and apparatus for the continuous making of steel in an electric steelmaking furnace (10), having a charge material preheater (18), continuous charging means (44) and means for removing refined steel (80) without removing the furnace electrodes (12) from operation, wherein charging and tapping are accomplished while maintaining full electric power, and allowing for good control over both product quality and product chemistry.
    公开号:SU1496637A3
    申请号:SU864027276
    申请日:1986-04-01
    公开日:1989-07-23
    发明作者:Александр Валломи Джон
    申请人:Интерстил Текнолоджи, Инк；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    314
    powered by a transformer (or power supply) 3. The closed conveyor 4 (vibroconveyor) is designed to feed the charge, including metallic and non-metallic materials, to the furnace.
    Chute 5 after conveyor A is also closed and contains a burner 6 for preheating the charge and burning combustible materials. The chute can be a water cooled channel. Conveyor 4 is covered with segmented refractories to obtain a furnace flue gas channel, this channel being used as a tunnel 7 or preheating zone.
    The oxygen sensor 8 is located inside or at the entrance of tunnel 7 to determine the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases entering through the tunnel to preserve the reduction characteristics of the exhaust gas and prevent re-oxidation of the feed. Dp of slag removal is provided with a slag bucket 9 on the rail carriage 10 for its feeding and from the position of slag removal, and for melting, a steel teeming bucket 11 on the carriage 12 for feeding it to the position of melting, processing in the bucket and tapping. The bucket can be unloaded directly.
    in the installation for continuous casting.
    The waste gas cleaning system has a connection with a tunnel, a boiler 13, a room for flue pipes 14, a chimney 15 and corresponding pipelines. The pipe 16 connecting the gas pipe 17 between the boiler and the bag filter room supplies the gas DNP sealing gas to the tunnel inlet. The burner 18 in the gas channel 19 heats and melts the particles contained in the gas, which are then deposited in the slag gas 20. The oxygen sensors 21 are installed at the point of removal of gases from the tunnel to determine the fuel-air ratio required in the burner 18 dp full combustion waste gasses
    The furnace 1 (shown as a three-phase electric arc furnace) may be a direct-current electric furnace, a plasma furnace or an induction furnace. The latter may be a channel induction furnace.



    The known methods of tapping do not allow continuous melting for 24 hours. The proposed method allows continuous filling and refining with full power supply to the furnace by tilting the furnace by more than 15 to remove the pshack and release the melting. To ensure continuous operation at full load without removing the electrodes from contact with the bath and without damaging the bottom of the furnace, the molten metal mirror is kept in the bath of approximately the same volume as the molten metal removed at each outlet or melt, i.e. a molten metal mirror, constituting approximately 40-50% of the maximum height of the bath, should remain after the release of the heat.
    In the steelmaking furnace 1 (Fig. 2), the maximum level of the bath rise. shown by line 22 of the bath, and the minimum level of lifting the bath is shown by line 23 ianna. The molten metal mirror 24 occupies a portion of the bath below the middle line 23 of the bath. In the lower part of the furnace; below the bath line 22, one or several lower ones are installed. tuyeres or air tuyeres 25. A smelting exhaust device 26 is also located in the furnace wall at any desired location below the minimum bath line 23. This arrangement prevents slag removal from the furnace through the smelting unit during the exhaust process.
    The positions of the charge charge relative to the furnace are shown in the upper part of the furnace (Fig. 2). In the normal working position, the charge is fed to position A. When melting is achieved, the charge is fed to position B, which is the 15-degree inclination of the furnace. Although the openings for slag removal and smelting discharge may be located on one side of the furnace body, Fig. 2, the furnace which tilts to remove the slag in the opposite direction, and in the supply position the furnace will be located where the position C. I - is shown.
    In the proposed method, it is possible to use any devices and methods. for tapping a melt, including a classic tapping hole; toe pouring, retractable slide .d.
    The continuous smelting charge is iron scrap, cast iron, and direct reduction iron in the form of pellets or briquettes. The scrap is separated in purity, processed or ground to the desired size, if necessary, for continuous feed to the kiln or storage by grade until it is needed for feeding. The cast iron is granulated or ground to the required size for feeding and storage.
    The mixture is selected from stored processed or ground material or other stocks, weighed and fed to the conveyor. The charge is weighed on a weighing conveyor. The mixture is preheated in the α-tunnel 7 by passing exhaust gases from the furnace through it and above it in countercurrent to the feed of the charge into the furnace. The oxygen sensor 2 displays the reduction characteristics of the exhaust gases to prevent oxidation of the fluids and monitors the burner control in the tunnel. If necessary, a recovery torch is used in the tunnel. The nonmetallic combustible materials in the charge are burned and the charge is heated to a maximum temperature of about 800-1000 ° C.
    The steel-making furnace operates continuously under full load for an extended period of time of up to about 6-7 days, during which no repairs are made on the furnace. After this, the furnace stops and the entire crucible or upper part of the housing of the plug-in insert is removed.
    The furnace is operated with a molten metal mirror, which is approximately equal in mass to the weight removed with each discharge of the heat. This protects the bottom from the high power applied during and immediately after release.
    The filling or feed rate is determined by the required temperature fluctuations of the bath. As the moment of release approaches, the feed rate to the furnace drops a few minutes before the melting release. By reducing the cooling effect of the filling on the bath, the bath temperature increases 0
    five
    0
    five
    with up to the set temperature of melting.
    The slag is maintained in a foamed state at all phases of the process, including the melt production phase, and the full power of the furnace is maintained during the melt production. Slag foaming is provided by the release of CO and COj in the slag. The carbon required for the reaction with oxygen (oxides) in the filling is fed to the slag or to the boundary of the shpak - metal in the bath in the form of pulverized carbon or coke through one or more lined tuyeres 25 (Figure 2). With a lack of oxygen in the bath, oxygen can also be supplied through the bottom tuyeres to carry out the desired reaction with carbon to stimulate slag foaming. Carbon and / or oxygen may be supplied to the bath at any time.
    Dephosphorization, oxidation, partial desulfurization and carburization are carried out in a furnace. However, deoxidation, final desulfurization, and doping are carried out in the ladle after melt production using a method known as ladle metallurgy, and these additives can be introduced in the ladle metallurgy zone. The steel in the ladle does not contain molten spar and alloying elements can be added during smelting production in the production of steel of ordinary grades. Slag-forming agents are added by blowing gas through steel to ensure uniformity and cleanliness.
    To release the heat, the furnace is inclined 15 degrees from the normal upright position. Melting from the furnace can be produced using any desired method, but it is produced
    5 through the sliding gate, which is installed in the opening intended for it. This prevents slag from entering the ladle.
    Carbon, lime, oxygen or
    0 foaming slag-forming additives can be supplied through a retractable injection nozzle or lance 25 below the level of the molten metal bath or at the slag-metal interface.
    0
    five
    0
    55
    Example.
    Enthalpy steel in
     is about 347,000 kcal / ton. When filling 100%
    at discharge temperature
    The scrap at an oxygen consumption of about 100 without using a burner and preheating a power consumption in a furnace that produces 80 tons of melting is approximately 520 kWh / t. The additional heat generated in the furnace (due to the heat of reaction, oxidation of the electrodes, combustion of combustible scrap materials, etc.) is approximately 190,000 kcal / t or 217 kW / ton.
    Due to water cooling, about 63000 kcal / t of steel or 73 kWh / t are removed from the furnace, and about 60200 kcal / t or 70 are required for slag. Therefore, approximately 160 kWh or 137600 kcal / t is obtained from waste gas to preheat the feed or charge.
    The enthalpy of 1 ton of steel scrap at 900 ° C is about 160,200 kcal or 186 kWh and the heat transfer coefficient is about 40% for preheating the charge. Thus, the total heat demand is 400,500 kcal / ton.
    Taking into account the existing heat of furnace waste gases, the net required amount of heat is 262900 kcal / t or about 31 Nm of natural gas per ton.
    The energy required for the melting of the preheated charge and the heating of the molten metal bath for the melting outlet temperature at 1660 ° C is 282 kWh / ton.
    When used for direct reduction iron feed, the consumption of natural gas is reduced.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    1. A method of continuous refining of steel in electric furnaces, including the preparation of scrap and its supply to the electric furnace, the supply of slag-forming additives, oxygen, the preparation of a bath of molten metal and shpak, which, in order to improve the quality, control the chemical composition of the steel, increase the furnace load factor and energy saving, iron directly reduced or its mixture with iron containing scrap is used as scrap, carburizers are fed and the slag is kept in a foamed state, and melting is carried out with the furnace being continuously charged.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, which is different from the fact that iron-bearing scrap is served in recycled
    crushed or granulated form.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to pre-heat the scrap and incinerate non-metallic materials in
    scrap, the waste gases from the electric furnace are passed through and above the scrap,
    [4]
    4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to maintain the spike in a foamed state of the scientific research institute, ground carbon is fed into the metal bath below the metal surface.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the crushed
    carbon is fed into the bath at the interface between the slag and the molten metal.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the molten metal bath during melting is maintained at
    range 1540-1660 with.
    [7]
    7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the molten metal during smelting is maintained in the range of 15401590 ° C.
    [8]
    8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag-forming mjie additives and carburizers are fed below the surface of the molten bath.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the slag-forming additives and carburizers are fed through a lance below the surface of the molten metal bath at the boundary
    section slag - metal.
    [10]
    10. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag-forming additives are selected from the group consisting of ground lime, fluorite, alumina, carbon and iron oxide.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 1, about t l and h a- yu u and with the fact that the temperature
    Baths are up to. Immediately before the release of melting.
    [12]
    12. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the bath is lowered immediately after the release of the heat.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the bath temperature is lowered by increasing the charge supply.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that
    smelting no
    by tilting the stove
    14,
    about t and
    so that the slope of the foam 15 in the direction
    [15]
    15, the method according to p. Reading
    chi exercise
    opposite direction of release
    melting
    [16]
    16. A device for continuous refining of steel in an electric furnace, containing electrodes, means for feeding into the furnace, and means for inclining the furnace and releasing smelting, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality, control chemical
    five
    0
    steel composition, increase furnace utilization and energy savings, it is equipped with preheating of the charge in the furnace feed and gas shutter to control the atmosphere in the feed, and the gas supply is connected to the furnace below the level of the molten metal.
    [17]
    17. A device according to claim 16, characterized in that the means of tapping are located below the metal level in the furnace.
    [18]
    18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the means of releasing the melt are executed in the form of a movable pin.
    Priority points:
    02.08.84 on PP. 13,
    11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17 and
    4., 6, 7, 10, 18
    04.05.85 on PP. 2, 5, 8, 9 and 15.
    FSh.1
    21
    12 11
    but
    /
    four
    Editor N. Bobkova
    Compiled by A. Minayev
    Tehred L.Olijnpscorrector L. Bezkid
    Order 4290/59
    Circulation 530
    VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, F-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
    Subscription
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/636,944|US4543124A|1984-08-02|1984-08-02|Apparatus for continuous steelmaking|
    US06/720,225|US4564388A|1984-08-02|1985-04-05|Method for continuous steelmaking|
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